Original link below:
http://www.rexresearch.com/roschin/roschin.htm
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Please Note: The publication found below is important in that scientists at
a major scientific institute, the Russian Academy of Science, have documented the
creation of free energy and have also documented striking anti-gravitic
effects that involve a prolonged and controllable loss of weight -- in
the same experiment.
The reported loss of weight involved hundreds of pounds in a system that was self-powering
while simultaneously generating seven kilowatts of power for external use.
That is to say that the system, once powered up, did not use any
external power to function, but actually produced power for external
use -- while displaying antigravitic effects by virtue of the fact
that the 350 kilogram system's weight fell by as much as 30%.
To the best of my knowledge, this is the only report of this
kind to ever appear - even though for decades there has been much
documentation that shows that individual inventors have been building
free energy devices since at least 1912. That would include the
free energy devices of Dr. Thomas Henry Moray. And Canadian
inventor John Hutchison demonstrated dramatic anti-gravitic effects as
early as the 1990s.
The report below was brought to my attention by a fellow
American scientist.
Dr. Koontz
Related article here
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V. ROSCHIN & S. GODIN
Magneto-Gravitational Converter
(Searl Effect Generator)
Experimental
Research of the Magnetic-Gravity Effects
by V. V. Roschin ( rochtchin@mail.ru ) &
S. M. Godin ( serjio@glasnet.ru )
Institute
for High Temperatures, Russian Academy of Science, Izhorskaya 13/19, Moscow
127412, Russia
[ This file is reproduced by courtesy of Alex Frolov: http://alexfrolov.narod.ru/ ]
Abstract ~
In the present paper the results of the experimental research of
Magnetic-Gravity Effects are presented. The abnormal magnetic and thermal
changes in the radius of 15 meters from the researched device were
measured as well. PACS: 41.20.-q; 44.60.+k; 76.50.+q
Introduction ~
There has been a great interest in examining nonlinear effects in the
system of rotating magnetic fields. Such effects have been observed in the
device called Searl's generator or SEG (SEG, Searl Effect Generator) [1-4]. An
SEG consists of a series of three rings and rollers that go around those
rings. All parts of SEG are based on the Law of the Squares. The rollers
revolve around the plates that form the rings, but they do not touch them.
There's a primary north and south pole on the rollers and a primary
north and south pole on the plates. Obviously you will have the north pole of
the roller attracted to the south pole of the plate. The plate and the rollers
have layered structure. The external layer - Titan, then Iron, Nylon and last
internal layer was made from Neodymium. John R.R. Searl has supposed that the
electrons are given off from the central element (which is neodymium), and
they travel out through other elements. If nylon had not been put there,
the SEG would act like a laser and one pulse would go out and it would stop,
build up, and another pulse would go out. But, with the nylon being, nylon
acts as a control gate, and that control gate gives you an even flow of
electrons throughout the SEG [4]. In [4] it was shown that in the process
of magnetization of the plate and rollers, the combination of constant
and variable magnetic fields for creating a special wave (sine wave) pattern
on a plate surface and rollers surface was used. The basic effects are the
rollers self-running around a ring plate and reduction of weight up to
occurrence of propulsion and flying up of all magnetic system. These effects
come about because of a special geometry of experimental setup. It was shown
that the work of the device in critical regime is accompanied by biological
and real physical phenomena. Unfortunately except for the listed references we
could not find other information where similar effects are be mentioned. In
this paper we present the experimental device the results we have obtained.
The Description of the Experimental Installation ~
The basic difficulty is in a choosing the materials and maintaining the
necessary pattern imprinting on the plate and rollers surfaces. To simplify
the technology we decided to use a one-ring design with one-ring plate
(stator) and one-ring of rollers (rotor). It is obvious, that it was necessary
to strengthen the rollers on a rotor by the bearings and balance the rollers
well. In the suggested design the air bearings were used which provided the
minimum losses due to friction. From the available description [1-4] it was
not clear how it is possible to make and magnetize the stator with a diameter
of about one meter. In order to make the stator from separate magnetized
segments executed on the basis of rare earth magnets with the residual
induction 1T; the segments were magnetized in a usual way by discharging
capacitor battery through the coil. Afterwards the segments were assembled and
glued together in a special iron armature, which reduced magnetic
energy. To manufacture the stator 110 KGs of rare earth magnets were used, and
to manufacture the rotor 115 KGs of that material was used. High-frequency
field under magnetization was not applied. It was decided to replace an
imprinting technology described in [1-4] with cross-magnetic inserts having a
flux vector directed at 90 degrees to a vector of basic magnetization of a
stator and rollers of a rotor. For these cross inserts the modified rare earth
magnets with a residual magnetization of 1,2 T and coercive force a little bit
greater than in a base material was used. In Figure 1 and Figure 2 the joint
arrangement of stator 1, elements of a rotor - rollers 2 and a way of their
mutual gearing by means of cross magnetic inserts 19, are shown. Between the
stator and roller surfaces the air gap d of 1 mm is left.
No layered structure was used except a continuous copper foil of 0.8 mm
thickness which wrapped up the stator and rollers. This foil has the direct
electrical contact to magnets of a stator and rollers. Distance between
inserts in the rollers is equal to distance between inserts on the stator.
Figure 1: Variant of One-Ring Converter ~
The ratio of parameters of the stator 1 and the rotor 2 in Figure 2 is
chosen so that the relation of stator diameter D and roller diameter d
is an integer equal to or greater then 12. Choosing such a ratio allows us to
achieve a magnetic spin wave resonant mode between elements of a working body
of the device.
Figure 2: Organization of Magnetic Gearing Stator & Rollers ~
The elements of magnetic system were assembled in a uniform design on the aluminum
platform. In Figure 3 the general view of the platform with one-ring
converter is displayed. This platform was supplied with springs, amortizators
and had a possibility of moving vertical on three supports. The value of
displacement was measured by the induction meter of displacement 14; thus the
change of the platform weight at once has been defined during the experiment
in real time. Gross weight of the platform with magnetic system in the initial
condition was 350 KGs.
Figure 3: General View of the Platform with One-Ring Converter ~
The stator 1 was mounted motionlessly, and the rollers 2 were assembled on
a mobile common separator 3, connected with the basic shaft 4 of the device.
Through this shaft the rotary moment was transferred. The basic shaft by the
means of friction muff 5 was connected to the electrodynamics generator 7 and
starting engine 6, which accelerated the converter up to a mode of
self-sustained rotation. Along a rotor the electromagnetic inductors 8 with
open cores 9 were located. The magnetic rollers 2 crossed the open cores of
inductors and closed the magnetic flux through electromagnetic inductors 8,
and induced emf in them, which acted directly on an active load 10 (a set of
incandescent lamps with total power 1 kW). The electromagnetic inductors 8
were equipped with an electrical drive 11 and had an opportunity to smoothly
move on supports 12. To study the influence of the external high voltage on
the characteristics of the converter the system of radial electrical
polarization was mounted. On periphery of the rotor ring electrodes 13
were set between the electromagnetic inductors 8 having with the rollers 2 air
gap of 10 mm. The electrodes are connected to a high-voltage source; the
positive potential was connected to the stator, and the negative to the
polarization electrodes. The voltage was adjusted in a range of 0-20 kV. In
experiments the constant value of 20 kV was used. In case of emergency
braking, friction disk from the ordinary car braking system was mounted on a
basic shaft of the rotor. The electrodynamics generator 7 was connected to
active load through a set of switches ensuring step connection of the load
from 1 kW to 10 kW. The converter under going testing had in its inner
structure the oil friction generator of thermal energy 15, intended for taping
a superfluous power (more than 10 kW) into the thermo-exchange contour. But
since the real output power of the converter in experiment has not exceeded 7
kW, the oil friction thermal generator was not used. The complete
stabilization of revolutions of the rotor was carried out by electromagnetic
inductors connected to an additional load, which was set of incandescent lamps
with total power 1 kW.
Experimental Results ~
The magnetic-gravity converter was built in a laboratory room on
three concrete supports at a ground level. The ceiling height the lab room
was 3 meters. Besides the presence of the iron-concrete ceiling, in
immediate proximity from the magnetic system there was a generator and
electric motor, which contained some tens KGs of iron and could potentially
deform the field's pattern. The device was started by the electric motor,
which accelerated the rotation of the rotor. The revolutions were smoothly
increased up to the moment the ammeter included in a circuit of the electric
motor started to show zero or lower value of a consumed current or even a
presence of the back current. The presence of the back current is detected at
approx. 550 rpm. The magnetic moving sensor 14 starts to detect the change in
weight of the whole installation at 200 rpm. Afterwards the electric motor is
completely disconnected by the electromagnetic muff and the ordinary
electrodynamics generator is connected to the basic shaft of the device
through the same muff. The rotor of the converter continues to self-accelerate
and with the approach to the critical mode of 550 rpm, the weight of the
device quickly changes. In addition to the change speed of rotation the weight
depend of the power, removed into active load, (the set of ten ordinary
electrical water heaters of 1 kW was used) and of the applied polarizing
voltage, as well. At the maximum output power equal to 6-7 kW the change of
weight G of the whole platform (total weight is about 350 KGs), reaches 35 %
of the weight in an initial condition G?. A load of more than 7 kW results in
a gradual decrease of revolutions and exit from the mode of self-generation
with the subsequent complete stop of the rotor. The weight of a platform can
be controlled by applying of a high voltage to cellular ring electrodes
located at a distance of 10 mm from external surfaces of the rollers. Under
the high 20 kV voltage (electrodes negative pole) the increase of taped power
in circuit of the basic generator more than 6 kW does not influence G while
the revolutions per min is not decreased to 400 rpm. "Tightening" of this
effect is observed as well as the effect of hysteresis on G (a kind of
"residual induction"). The experimental diagrams given on Fig.4 illustrate the
modes of the converter operations.
Figure 4: Modes of Operation of the Magnet-Gravity Converter ~
The effect of a local change of the platform weight is convertible relative
to the direction of rotor turning, and has the same hysteresis. At clockwise
rotation the critical mode comes in the area of 550 rpm and the propulsion
force against the direction of gravitation vector is created, by analogy, at
counter-clockwise rotation the critical mode comes the in area of 600 rpm and
the propulsion on the direction of gravitation vector is created. The
difference in approach to a critical mode of 50-60 rpm was observed. It is
necessary to mention that the most interesting region lies above the critical
area of 550 rpm, but due to of a number of circumstances the implementation of
such research was not possible. Other interesting effects include the work of
the converter in the dark room when corona discharges are observed around the
converter's rotor as a blue-pink glowing luminescence and a characteristic
ozone smell. The cloud of ionization covers the area of a stator and a
rotor and has accordingly toroidal form. On the background of luminescence
glowing on rollers' surfaces we distinguished wave picture. A number of more
vigorous strips of discharges around the rollers were observed. These
discharges were of the white - yellow colour is, but the characteristic for
the arc discharges sound was not audible. One more effect previously not
mentioned was observed i.e. the vertical magnetic "walls" around the
installation. We noticed and measured the abnormal permanent magnetic field
around the converter in the radius of 15 meters. The zones of an
increased intensity of a magnetic flux 0,05T located concentrically from the
centre of the installation were detected. The direction of magnetic
field vector in these walls coincided with the direction of rollers' field
vector. The structure of these zones reminded circles on water from the thrown
stone. Between these zones a portable magnetometer, which used the Hall's
sensor as a sensitive element, did not register abnormal magnetic fields. The
layers of an increased intensity are distributed practically without losses up
to a distance of about 15 meters from the centre of the converter and quickly
decrease at the border of this zone. The thickness of each layer is about 5 -
8 cm. The border of each layer has sharp shape, the distance between layers is
about 50 - 60 cm and it slightly accrues when moving from the centre of the
converter. The steady picture of this field was observed as well at a height
of 6 m above the installation (on the second floor above the lab.). Above the
second floor the measurements were not carried out. The abnormal fall of the
temperature in direct affinity from the converter was also found. While the
common temperature background in laboratory was + 22? (2?) the fall of
temperature equal to 6-8? was noticed. The same phenomenon was observed in
vertical magnetic walls as well as. The measurements of temperature inside the
magnetic walls were carried out by the ordinary alcohol thermometer with
inertia of indication about 1,5 min. In the magnetic walls the temperature
changes can be distinctly observed even by hand. The hand when placed into
this magnetic wall feels real cold at once. The similar picture was observed
at the height above installation, i.e. on the second floor of the laboratory
as well as despite the ferro-concrete blocking of ceiling.
Discussion ~
All the results we obtained are extremely unusual and require some
theoretical explanation. Unfortunately the interpretation of results within
the framework of the conventional physical theory cannot explain all the
observed phenomena and first of all the change of weight. The change of weight
is possible to interpret as a local change of gravity force or as an
occurrence of propulsion force by repelling from its own field.
Direct experiment, confirming a presence of draft force was not performed,
but in any case both interpretations of the weight change do not correspond to
the modern physical paradigm and demand reconsideration of the standard theory
of gravitation or criticism of the second law of Newton, both of which are
only possible if we take into consideration the now-advert physical media
ether as understood by Faraday-Maxwell-Mie. From the modern
physics position electrization and luminescence of the converter's magnetic
system in the near zone is not completely clear. The phenomenon of the
magnetic and thermal "walls" may be connected with Alphen's
magnetic-sound waves raised in near zone in magnetized plasma induced by a
variable magnetic field of a rotating rotor [5].
At the present time we can not give an exact description of the
interactions mechanism with environment and transformation of energy, but it
is completely obvious, that without the use of the concept of physical media
--- the ether in a sense of Faraday-Maxwell-Mie we are completely unable to
give physically substantial theory of these phenomena. In conclusion, we
emphasize that the issues of the biological influence effects and especially
of the variations of real time stream effects, which must be taking place in
an operative zone of the converter, were not considered at all. These
issues are extremely important and absolutely unexplored; though there are
some mentions of J.R.R.Searl about healing action of the SEG's radiation. Our
own experience allows to make only cautious assumption that the short-term
stay (dozen minutes) in a working zone of the converter with the fixed output
power of 6 kW remains for the people without observed consequences. The
present paper is only a beginning.
References ~
1. Herbert Schneider, Dr. J.B. Koeppl, Hans-Joachim Ehlers: "Begegnung mit
John R.R. Searl"; Raum und Zeit, #39 (1989), pp. 75-80.
2. S.
Gunnar Sandberg: "Was ist Dran am Searl-Effect; Raum und Zeit, #40
(1989), pp. 67-75.
3. Herbert Schneider & Harry Watt: "Dem
Searl-Effect auf der Spur"; Raum und Zeit, # 42 (1989), pp.75-81;
#43, pp.73-77.
4. John A. Thomas, Jr.: "Anti-Gravity: The Dream Made
Reality"; Extraordinary Science, VI (2) 1994.
5. L.D.Landau,
E.M.Lifshits: Electrodynamics of Continuous Media; Moscow, Nauka, 1982.
(in Russian)
Technical Physics Letters 26 (12): 1105-1107
(2000)
"An Experimental Investigation of the Physical Effects in
a Dynamic Magnetic System"
V.V. Roschin & S.M. Godin
Inst. of High Temperatures,
Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
Abstract ~
It is demonstrated that a magnetic system based on rare-earth magnets is
capable of converting various forms of the energy, provided that a certain
critical operating regime is set up. As the critical regime is attained, the
experimental setup becomes energetically fully autonomous. This is accompanied
by local variations in the total structure weight, a decrease in the
surrounding air temperature, and the formation of concentric "magnetic walls"
at a distance of up to 15 meters from the experimental setup.
Introduction ~
We have experimentally studied the physical effects in a system based on
rotating permanent magnets (1). Below we describe the technology of
manufacture, assembly, and the results of testing this experimental setup,
which is referred to as the converter.
Technological Description ~
The converter comprises an immobile stator and a rotor moving around the
stator and carrying fixed magnetic rollers. The magnetic system of the working
body of the converter has a diameter of about 1 meter. The stator and magnetic
rollers were manufactured from separate magnetized segments made of rare-earth
magnets (REMs) with a residual magnetization of 0.85 T, a coercive force of
[Hc] ~ 600 kA/m, and a specific magnetic energy of [W] ~ 150 K/m3. The
segments were magnetized by a conventional method based on a discharge of a
capacitor bank through an inductor coil. Then the magnetized segments were
assembled and glued together in a special mounting stage, which provided for
the necessary tolerance in positioning the segments and for the removal of
magnetic energy. Using this mounting stage, it was possible to glue the
elements into the common unit. The stable incorporated REMs with a total
weight of 110 kg and the rollers contained 115 kg of the same REM material.
The magnetic system elements were assembled into a single structure on a
special platform made of non-magnetic structural alloys. The platform
construction was provided with springs and shock absorbers and allowed the
converter setup to move in the vertical direction on three sides. The motion
was monitored by an inductive transducer. Which allowed changes ion the
platform weight to be determined in the course of the experiment. The total
weight of the platform with the magnetic system in the initial state was 350
kg.
Description of the Observed Effects ~
The converter was installed in a 2.5-meter high laboratory room using three
concrete supports on a ground level. In addition to the ordinary
steel-reinforced concrete ceiling blocks, the converter equipment featured a
usual electrodynamic generator and an electric motor, with a total iron weight
of several tens of kilograms (only these parts could, in principle, introduce
distortions into the electromagnetic field pattern observed).
The converter was set to operate by over-speeding the rotor with the aid of
the electric motor. The motor speed was gradually increased until the ammeter
connected in the motor circuit showed zero consumed current and the current
direction reversal. This state corresponded to a rotor speed of approximately
550 rpm, but the motion transducer began to indicate a change in the platform
weight already at 200 rpm. Then the electric motor was disconnected using an
electromagnetic overrunning clutch, and a usual electrodynamic generator was
connected instead to the main shaft of the converter via another
electromagnetic clutch. On attaining the critical regime (~550 rpm), the rotor
exhibited a sharp increase in the rotation speed; this was accompanied by a
slow-down in the rate of the current weight reduction. At this instant, the
first 1 kW load was connected to the system. Immediately upon this connection,
the rotation speed began to decrease, while the Delta G value kept increasing,
and so on as depicted in the figure.
A diagram illustrating various operation regimes of the
magnetogravitational converter showing (I) load power (kW) and system weight
variation; (II) 7-kW load (high voltage off); (III) 7-kW load (high voltage
on); (IV) supercritical regime; (V) subcritical regime (1, high voltage off;
2, high voltage on).
The system weight variation depend both on the power consumed by the active
load (the load consisted of 10 ordinary 1-kW heating elements) and on the
polarization voltage applied. For a maximum consumed power (7 kW), a change in
the total platform weight reached 35% of the initial value in the immobile
state (350 kg), which corresponded to 50% of the pure weight of the working
body of the converter. An increase in the load power above 7 kW led to a
gradual decrease in the rotor speed and, eventually, to the system going out
of the self-generation regime and the rotor speed decreasing until the full
stop. The platform weight could be controlled by applying a high-voltage
signal to the cellular ring electrodes situated 10 mm above the external
roller surface. Upon applying a 20 kV signal (negative polarity on the
electrodes), an increase in the load power consumption above 6 kW did not
affect the Delta G value even when the rotor speed decreased down to 400 rpm.
This was equivalent to "prolongation" of the effect and was accompanied by
phenomena of the remnant induction" type with respect to Delta G. The
converter operation in various experimental regimes is illustrated in the
figure.
The effect of the system weight variation is reversible with respect to the
direction of rotor motion and exhibits certain hysteresis. For the clockwise
rotation, the critical regime is observed in the region of 550 rpm and is
accompanied by development of the force acting against the gravity vector. For
the counter-clockwise rotation, the onset of the critical regime is observed
at approximately 600 rpm and the extra force coincides in direction with the
gravity vector. The onset of the critical regime exhibited a scatter within
50-60 rpm. It should be noted that, probably, some other critical resonance
regimes may exist, which correspond to higher rotor speeds and markedly
greater useful load levels. Proceeding from the general theoretical
consideration, the output mechanical energy must nonlinearly depend on the
internal parameters of the converter magnetic system and the rotor speed, so
that the observed effects are likely to be far from optimum. Establishing of
the maximum output power maximum weight variation, and the converter energy
resource is of considerable theoretical and practical interest.
Besides the phenomena described above, a number of other interesting
effects were observed in the system studied. In particular, the converter
operation in the dark is accompanied by a corona discharge with a pink-blue
light emission and by the production of ozone. The ionization cloud is formed
around the stator and rotor, acquiring a toroidal shape. The general corona
discharge background is superimposed with a wavy pattern corresponding to the
surface of the rollers: the zones of increased emission intensity are
distributed along the roller height in a manner similar to that observed for
the high-voltage microwave induction energy storage in the pre-breakdown
state. These zones appeared yellowish-white, but the emission was not
accompanied by sounds characteristic of the arc discharge. Nor did we observe
any visible erosive damage on the stator and rotor surfaces.
One more effect, which was never reported previously, is the appearance of
vertical "magnetic walls" surrounding the setup. We have detected and measured
an anomalous constant magnetic field around the converter. The measurements
revealed zones of increased magnetic strength on the order of 0.05 T arranged
coaxially relative to the system center. The direction of the magnetic field
vector on the "walls" coincides with that in the rollers. The structure of
these magnetic zones resembles the pattern of circular waves on the water
surface. No anomalous field is detected by a mobile magnetometer, employing
the Hall effect transducer, in the area between zones. The layers of increased
magnetic field strength are propagating with virtually no attenuation to a
distance of 15 meters from the converter center and then rapidly decayed at
the boundary of this 15-meter area. Each layer zone is 5-8 cm thick and
exhibits sharp boundaries. The layers are spaced by 50-60 cm, the spacing
slightly increasing with the distance from the converter center. A stable
pattern was also observed at a height of 5 meters above the setup (the
measurements were conducted in a 2nd floor room above the laboratory; no tests
were conducted on a still higher level).
Another interesting phenomenon consists in an anomalous temperature drop in
the immediate vicinity of the converter. At a general room temperature level
in the laboratory (+22 +-2 C), the temperature at the converter surface was
6-8 C lower. Similar temperature variations were detected in the vertical
magnetic "walls". The temperature changes in the walls were detected by an
ordinary alcohol thermometer with a reading set time of 1.5 minutes. The
temperature variations in the magnetic "walls" can even be sensed by the human
body: a hand placed inside the "wall" immediately feels cold. The same pattern
was observed at a height of 5 meters above the setup in a 2nd floor room above
the laboratory (despite the steel-reinforced concrete blocks separating the
rooms).
Discussion of Results ~
All the experimental results described above are very unusual and need some
theoretical rationalization. Unfortunately, attempts at interpreting the
obtained results within the framework of the existing physical theories showed
that no one of these models can explain the whole set of experimental data.
Recently, Dyatlov (2) attempted to combine the concepts of electricity and
gravity by introducing the so-called electro-navigation and magnetic-spin
coefficients into the Heaviside gravity equations and the Maxwell field
equations. This provides for a relationship between the gravitational and
electrical components, as well as between the magnetic and rotational
components in a given medium. The assumptions are built around a special model
of inhomogeneous physical vacuum, called the vacuum domain model (2). It is
suggested that the extra relationships are absent outside the vacuum domain.
Although it is difficult to imagine a long-living vacuum domain, the proposed
model provides for a satisfactory explanation (at least on a qualitative
phenomenological level) for the appearance of emission, the system weight
variations, and the conversion of energy taken from the surrounding medium
into the rotational mechanical moment of the rollers. Unfortunately, the
theory cannot provide a physical pattern of the observed phenomena.
Conclusion ~
At present, the work on a developed variant of the converter are in
progress at the Glushko "NPE Energomash" company (Moscow). This setup would
allow a deeper insight into the physics of observed phenomena. Another aim is
the creation of commercial samples for various practical applications.
References ~
(1) Thomas, J.A.: Anti-Gravity: The Dream Made Reality ~ The Story of
John R.R. Searl; Direct International Science Consortium, London,
1994), Vol. 1, Issue 2.
(2) Dyatlov, V.L.: Polarization Model
Heterogenous Physical Vacuum (Inst. Mat., Novosibirsk, 1998); Translated
by P. Pozdeev.
M. Pitkanen: About Strange Effects Related to Rotating Magnetic
Systems ~ An explanation of the Roschin-Godin experiment in
terms of Topological Geometro-Dynamics (TGD). [PDF: Requires Adobe Acrobat]
Roschin/Godin: Russian Patent #
2,155,435
US Patent # 6,822,361
US Cl. 310/178 ~ November 23, 2004
Orbiting Multi-Rotor Homopolar System
Roschin; Vladimir Vitalievich (Moscow, RU); Godin; Sergi
Mikhailovich (Moscow, RU)
Abstract -- An orbiting multi-rotor homopolar machine employs
axially parallel, cylindrical, electrically conductive magnets arranged
circumferentially around vertical axis of central stator ring, intimately
contacting and engaging non-slip rolling between rotor magnets and stator. A
bearing rotatably secures each end of each magnet to a corresponding
electrically conductive circular endplate, each slightly wider than the
stator. An electrically conductive axle located in the center of the stator
rigidly attaches to one of the top circular endplate, and an electrically
insulating bearing means attaches the center of bottom circular endplate to a
coaxial inner cylinder, located between the axle and the stator.
Assignee: Energy & Propulsion Systems LLC (Valencia, CA)
References Cited
U.S. Patent Documents:
406,068 ~
Jul., 1889 ~ Tesla ~ 310/178
645,943 ~ Mar., 1900 ~ Dalen, et al. ~
310/178
3,185,877 ~ May., 1965 ~ Sears ~ 310/178
3,465,187 ~ Sep.,
1969 ~ Breaux ~ 310/178
5,241,232 ~ Aug., 1993 ~ Reed ~ 310/178
5,278,470 ~ Jan., 1994 ~ Neag ~ 310/178
5,977,684 ~ Nov., 1999 ~ Lin ~
310/178
6,051,905 ~ Apr., 2000 ~ Clark ~ 310/178
Foreign Patent
Documents:
2,094,066 ~ Sep., 1982 ~ GB
2000-324,786 ~ Nov., 2000 ~
JP
2001-286,117 ~ Oct., 2001 ~ JP
2003-47,226 ~ Feb., 2004 ~ JP
Primary Examiner: Mullins; Burton ~ Attorney, Agent or Firm:
Our Pal LLC
Description ~
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates generally to the field of direct current electrical
motors and generators that operate without the need for commutation and/or
rectification, and more particularly to multi-rotor homopolar machines which
derive their emf (electromotive force) from co-rotational magnets and metallic
disk embodiment.
BACKGROUND
Back in 1831, Michael Faraday discovered that a cylindrical magnet
suspended by a string and touching a mercury bath at the bottom could generate
electricity while spinning along its axis if a second electrical contact was
made at the periphery of the midpoint of the magnet. His experiment was a
one-piece homopolar machine since the magnet and conductor were joined
together. Such Faraday generators have also been called acyclic, unipolar or
homopolar generators because no commutation or alternating of the magnetic
poles is necessary for this machine in order to generate electricity.
The type of electrical output is most often direct current (DC) unless
specific means are designed to provide an interruption of radial conduction
and thus simulate alternating current (AC). Historically, DC was championed by
Thomas Edison during the early part of the 20th century while at the same time
AC was championed by Nikola Tesla and George Westinghouse. In the future, DC
will be coming back into style with the emergence of ambient temperature
superconductive cables. Therefore, highly efficient homopolar generators will
be in demand to meet the future market demand for DC electricity.
Homopolar generators usually have a single disk or drum rotating in a
stationary magnetic field with sliding contacts. The sliding contacts often
present high resistance however. The construction and operation of homopolar
machines for electric propulsion of marine vessels or railguns for example is
already well known. Such machines include motors and generators wherein
electrical current flows through a conductor situated in a magnetic field
during rotation of the machine rotor.
In the case of a homopolar motor, the current will develop a J.times.B
force perpendicular to the direction of its flow through the conductor and
that of the magnetic field. In the case of a homopolar generator, a voltage
dependent on the rotational speed, magnetic field, and radius, is induced in a
conductor moving within the magnetic field. When current is drawn from the
homopolar generator, it also develops a J.times.B force for the same reason as
with the motor but is referred to as back torque or armature reaction. General
reference information including basic principles used to reduce back torque
can be found in The Homopolar Handbook by Thomas Valone (ISBN 0-9641070-1-5).
The prior art rarely includes a one-piece homopolar machines that rotate
the magnet with the disk. Even more unknown is the concept of rolling
contacts. Eliminating sliding contacts is shown in the "Planetary Homopolar
Generator," IBM Technical Disklosure Bulletin, Vol. 17, No. 6, p. 1786-87,
November, 1974, H. D. Varadarajan.
Using a conducting belt or rolling contacts to gather current from a
magnetic field flux cutting rotor, there is an annular magnetic field through
which the rotor executes a planetary motion.
The large stresses resulting from the centrifugal force of the massive,
unbalanced planetary rotor is a distinct disadvantage, prohibiting high speed
operation. Thus, only a low rate of rotation is possible with the IBM design.
The "Direct Current Homopolar Machine" U.S. Pat. No. 5,587,618 to Hathaway
demonstrates an analogous concept of relative motion between conductive
orbiting shaft and a stationary disk-shaped magnetized armature.
However, the design is a bit cumbersome to be practical. Science
Applications International Corporation claims a conductive belt, dual disk
"Homopolar Motor-Generator" in U.S. Pat. No. 5,241,232 to Reed that apparently
reinvents the "Dynamo Electric Machine" of U.S. Pat. No. 406,968 patented by
none other than Nikola Tesla in 1889 that also has two unipolar magnetized
rotors connected by a conductive belt. The belted dual unipolar machines solve
one of the problems that plague the field by offering two sliding contacts at
the low speed surface on the axle. However, the present invention requires
only one sliding contact on the axle. These conductive belt machines also
demonstrate, in principle, the concept of a multi-rotor, planetary design, by
the process of coordinate transformation, since relative motion is the key to
the operation of a homopolar generator. The concept of rolling contact is
demonstrated with the Dalen "Dynamo Electric Machine" U.S. Pat. No. 645,943,
where two disks are turning in opposite directions while in contact with each
other at their periphery. However, the axle of each disk must remain fixed in
place whereas each axle is in orbiting motion in the present invention.
Homopolar machines can reversibly function as motors as well, such as
flywheels, and used as energy storage devices. First used in transportation
applications in the 1950's, flywheel powered buses were designed to have the
flywheel accelerated at every stop. Composite rotors currently have been
developed which can spin at very high revolutions (100,000 revolutions per
second); and the speed is limited by the tensile strength of the rim of the
rotor. By using a multi-rotor design, the centrifugal forces of a large disk
can be greatly reduced and still maintain high-energy storage or production.
By using magnetic bearings, the friction on the axis of the rotor can be
reduced sufficiently so that such rotors can maintain most of the energy for
several days.
The IBM Varadarajan planetary rotor is unbalanced and has a low rate of
magnetic flux cutting due to its annular magnetic field design. The Hathaway
direct current machine has a lot of unbalanced conductive material orbiting
the central magnetized disk which limits the rotational speed.
The conductive belt designs can be subject to oxidation and slippage, even
requiring a toothed timing belt on each axle as well. With most disk models of
homopolar generators, as opposed to drum designs, sliding contacts are the
single most important contribution of resistance inhibiting the power output
of the machine. Internal resistance is the only limit to the output capability
of a homopolar generator and it is important to reduce all sources of internal
resistance to obtain maximum power output for a given input torque. Rather
than use high resistance carbon brushes, medium resistance silver-graphite
brushes or dangerous conductive liquids such as mercury, low temperature
solder, or sodium-potassium, there is a need to eliminate frictional sliding
contact at the high speed periphery of the magnetized rotor completely.
Furthermore, rather than maintaining two sliding contacts which contribute
friction and resistance, even in the rolling and belted designs, there is a
need to cut the number in half to only one high current sliding contact. The
present invention satisfies both of these needs.
SUMMARY
The present invention derives direct current electricity by co-rotating a
plurality of magnets and a metallic disk. It comprises an improved homopolar
machine with dynamically balancing, axially parallel, cylindrical,
electrically conductive magnets arranged circumferentially around the vertical
axis of central stator ring. Such a design can be referred to as distributed
generation since each magnet rotor generates only a fraction of the current
that is transmitted through the machine. Thus, the conductive bearings
contacting the center of each end of the magnet rotors may carry only one
tenth or less of the total current.
The multi-rotor orbiting homopolar also does not include sliding contacts
at each magnetized rotor rim but instead utilizes a suitable rolling means
attached separately to magnets and also to the stator ring for intimately
contacting and engaging non-slip rolling between magnets and stator as they
orbit around the stator. The magnetized rotors maintain rotational synchronism
and equal relative position to each other with a bearing means rotatably
securing the top and bottom end of each magnet to a corresponding electrically
conductive circular endplate.
The electrical energy is extracted, or input if used as a motor, through
contacts on the conductive stator and at the machine's electrically conductive
axle located in the center of the machine while rigidly attached to the top
circular endplate that rotates with all of the individually magnetized rotors.
The only single, high current, moving contact that is required is an
electrically conductive thrust bearing that supports the central axle. An
insulating thrust bearing meanwhile separates the axle from the center of
bottom circular endplate. The stator, which is of course stationary,
accomplishes the second contact means through a standard electrical connection
with no need for any relative motion sliding contact. The stator may be
optionally magnetized in the opposite direction to the magnetized rotors in
order to increase the coercive force or magnetic flux density.
The drawings constitute a part of this specification and include exemplary
embodiments to the invention, which may be embodied in various forms. It is to
be understood that in some instances various aspects of the invention may be
shown exaggerated or enlarged to facilitate an understanding of the invention.
The Problem ~
The problem this invention solves is that it generates high power direct
current electricity without the need for commutation and rectification,
otherwise the internal resistance losses are high.
The problems with prior art devices, processes and systems can be
categorized as follows.
1. Require commutation or rectification to generate direct current
electricity.
2. Rely on more than one current brush which often have high speed contact.
3. Do not distribute magnetic field power generation by multi-rotor
orbiting magnets in homopolar machines or systems.
4. Internal resistance losses are usually high.
5. Neither efficient nor cost effective.
6. Neither simple nor practical for most applications.
Prior Art ~
A preliminary limited prior art search was not commissioned but the
inventor is intimately familiar with the prior art. Following are typical
examples of the prior art arranged in reverse chronological order for ready
reference of the reader.
11) Non-Provisional Utility U.S. Pat. No. 6,051,905 issued to Richard Clark
on Apr. 18, 2000 for "Homopolar Generator"
10) Non-Provisional Utility U.S. Pat. No. 5,977,684 presented to Ted Lin on
Nov. 2, 1999 for "Rotating Machine Configurable as True DC Generator or Motor"
09) Non-Provisional Utility U.S. Pat. No. 5,864,198 earned by Joseph
Pinkerton on Jan. 26, 1999 for "Brushless Generator"
08) Non-Provisional Utility U.S. Pat. No. 5,587,618 issued to George
Hathaway on Dec. 24, 1996 for "Direct Current Homopolar Machine"
07) Non-Provisional Utility U.S. Pat. No. 5,278,470 graced upon Zacharias
Neag on Jan. 11, 1994 for "Homopolar Machine which acts as a Direct Current
(DC) High Voltage Generator or Motor"
06) Non-Provisional Utility U.S. Pat. No. 5,241,232 honorably given to Jay
Reed on Aug. 31, 1993 for "Homopolar Motor-Generator"
05) Non-Provisional Utility U.S. Pat. No. 5,011,821 published in the name
of Charley McCullough on Apr. 30, 1991 for "Method and Apparatus for
Generating Electricity"
04) Non-Provisional Utility U.S. Pat. No. 3,465,187 issued to Onezime
Breaux on Sep. 2, 1969 for "Homopolar Generator Having Parallel Positioned
Faraday Disk Structures"
03) Non-Provisional Utility U.S. Pat. No. 3,185,877 presented to Anthony
Sears on May 25, 1965 for "Direct Current Homopolar Generator"
02) Non-Provisional Utility U.S. Pat. No. 645,943 graced upon inventor
Gustaf Dalen on Mar. 27, 1900 for "Dynamo Electric Machine"
01) Non-Provisional Utility U.S. Pat. No. 406,968 bestowed upon none other
than Nikola Tesla himself in 1889 for "Dynamo Electric Machine"
None of the prior art devices known to the applicant or his attorney
disclose the EXACT embodiment of this inventor that constitutes a simple,
elegant and affordable system for an orbiting Multi-Rotor Homopolar direct
current electricity generation
Objectives ~
Unfortunately none of the prior art devices singly or even in combination
provide for all of the objectives as established by the inventor for this
system as enumerated below.
1. It is an objective of this invention to provide devices, method and
system for generation of high power direct current electricity without
commutation and rectification.
2. The primary objective of the invention is orbiting multi-rotor
cylindrical magnets in rolling contact that eliminates friction while
generating DC electricity.
3. Another objective of the invention is to provide high efficiency, low
noise and low resistance in a high current generator.
4. Another objective of the invention is that it uses readily available
materials in a dynamically balanced arrangement.
5. Another objective of the invention is safety through reduced internal
stress than comparable homopolar machines with a single rotor.
6. Another objective of the invention is that it provides distributed
generation around an air core.
7. Another objective of this invention is to provide an easy, quick, simple
practical way to generate more efficient and cost effective direct current
electricity.
8. Another objective of this invention is that it promote and encourage
other inventors to do additional research in homopolar machines generally but
co-rotational magnets and disk embodiments in particular.
9. Another objective of this invention is to provide a system that is
integrated and flexible.
10. Another objective of this invention is to provide a system that is
easily useable and requires little if any training for manufacturing and use.
11. Another objective of this invention is that it meet all federal, state,
local and other private standards guidelines, regulations and recommendations
with respect to safety, environment, and energy consumption.
12. Another objective of this invention is that it can be made from modular
standard materials and components that are also easily maintainable.
Other objectives advantages and features of this invention reside in its
simplicity, elegance of design, ease of manufacture, service and use and even
aesthetics as will become apparent from the following brief description of the
drawings and the detailed description of the best mode preferred embodiments
taken in connection with the accompanying drawings.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a prior art diagram of a typical homopolar generator.
FIG. 2 is a perspective, cutaway view of the magnetized rotor and
stator.
FIG. 3 is an elevational view of the complete orbiting multi-rotor
machine.
FIG. 4 is a cross sectional view of the invention.
FIG. 5 is a plan view from the top of the invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE BEST MODE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
As shown in the drawings wherein like numerals represent like parts
throughout the several views, there is generally disclosed in FIG. 1 is a
state of the prior art.
Detailed descriptions of the preferred embodiment are provided herein. It
is to be understood, however, that the present invention may be embodied in
various forms. Therefore, specific details disclosed herein are not to be
interpreted as limiting, but rather as a basis for the claims and as a
representative basis for teaching one skilled in the art to employ the present
invention in virtually any appropriately detailed system, structure or manner.
Turning first to FIG. 2 there is shown a perspective cutaway view of a
portion of one embodiment of the present invention showing one of a multitude
of rotors that are axially magnetized (B). This multitude mounted in parallel
comprise the multi-rotor homopolar machine in close contact with a ring shaped
stator that may be optionally magnetized in the direction opposite to the
magnetic fields of the rotors.
Each rotor 20 has its own axle 21 which is circumferentially mounted
vertically, arranged and dynamically balanced around a central vertical axis,
on an electrically conductive but low permeability axle rod 21 made of copper,
brass or bronze, that may penetrate the center of the entire magnetized rotor
and rotatably attach to top and bottom bearing 33 on circular endplates 31, 32
shown in FIG. 3. In operation, the rotors orbit around the circular stator
ring, which may or may not also be magnetized.
The invention is more completely shown in the elevational view of FIG. 3
with several rotors 20 rotatably attached to the top circular endplate 31 and
bottom circular endplate 32 by electrically conductive bearings 33. The top
endplate 31 is rigidly attached to the central axle 34 supporting the orbiting
multi-rotor homopolar generator assembly. The hollow circular design of the
stationary ring stator 23 is also visible in FIG. 3, which can be optionally
magnetized to increase performance output.
The bottom circular endplate 32 has a large hole in the center, more
completely seen in FIG. 4, that allows inner attachment to insulating bearing
44 which optimally can be a non-contacting, low friction magnetic bearing
since the weight of the rotor assembly is carried by the electrically
conductive thrust bearing 41. The bottom endplate 32 is thus isolated
electrically from the stationary Inner cylinder 43 that is the inner core of
the stator. Inner circular assembly plates 49 of equal size and shape, that
preferably are electrically conductive, rigidly attach the inner cylinder 43
to the stator ring 23. In accordance with the present invention, FIG. 4 shows
the side cross sectional view edge on with a cutaway so that the central axle
34 and hollow inner cylinder design 43 is visible.
The insulating bearings 42 separate the central axle 34 from the inner
cylinder 43. Both bearings 42 and 44 electrically maintain the separation of
polarity of the electromotive force (emf) voltage of each rotor. The positive
or negative polarity of the conductors depends of course on the rotation
direction of the rotor magnets. One conductor 45 is electrically emerging from
the stator assembly and ultimately emanates from the outer edge of each rotor
20 with the homopolar effect conducting the generated electricity through the
rolling means 47 and 48. The opposite polarity conductor 46 is electrically
emanating from the center axle 21 of each rotor 20 is connected to the
electrically conductive thrust bearing 41.
In accordance with an important function of the present invention, there is
shown in FIG. 4 one embodiment of an intimately contacting and engaging
nonslip rolling means 47 and 48. As is well-known in the industry where good
traction with a high coefficient of friction (1.6 or better) but sufficiently
low electrical resistance is desired between two surfaces, an adherent coating
of copper can be used on both facing surfaces of the stator 23 and rotor 20.
For the copper coating, electro-deposition can be used or flame spraying of
copper on the rotor and stator outer surfaces.
Another embodiment of rolling means 47 and 48 utilizes a geared
electromechanical rotary joint developed by NASA Goddard Space Center (NASA
Tech Briefs, December, 1994) which offers the advantage of a springy, low
noise planetary gear contacting a stator ring gear. It was designed by NASA to
overcome the disadvantages of sliding contacts and to ensure high traction
desired for rolling electrical contacts.
The springy gears are made from beryllium copper which is a self-cleaning
material with, in one embodiment, an average diameter of 6.35 mm with any
reasonable number of teeth. Another concept to creating a rolling contact
utilizes a magnetic sprocket design with small rare earth (samarium cobalt for
example) magnets embedded perpendicularly in the surfaces of the stator ring
and rotor magnets. The magnetic sprocket thus utilizes equally spaced magnets
mounted normal to the axes of the stator and rotor.
To demonstrate an important feature of the invention, there is shown in
FIG. 5 a plan view from the top of the balanced distribution of the rotors 20
around the stator assembly 43 with the outer stator ring 23 that are equally
spaced and preferably dynamically balanced so the centrifugal forces are equal
and opposite.
Theory of Operation ~
The main principle of operation is based on the fact that rotating
cylindrical magnets creates a homopolar emf generation from Faraday's Law and
the Lorentz Force. Physically, a rotating, non-inertial reference frame
configuration can only be analyzed correctly with Einstein's general theory of
relativity, utilizing a Thirring metric.
Particularly, where rotating cylindrical magnets and disk are synchronized
and made co-rotational, such a co-rotational configuration makes the generator
one piece like the earth's magnetic field itself. As the inventors explored
this correspondence more closely, it was learned that the earth's molten,
electrically conductive iron core also includes not one but several vortices
in a coaxial circular arrangement. The inventors stumbled upon this concept
while investigating the field rotation paradox and found that an orbiting,
multi-rotor homopolar generator assembly would be analogous to the earth's
electrically conductive, multi-vortex, magnetic, molten iron core.
The field rotation paradox can be easily resolved by an amateur DIY (Do It
Yourself ) scientist by comparing the interception of a linear magnetic field
vs. a rotating magnetic field. In the former configuration the meter gives the
same reading whether the magnet is moved with respect to a pickup coil of wire
or vice versa but in the latter configuration the meter reading is seen only
when the disk is moved with respect to rotary magnetic field of cylindrical
magnet but not when the magnet is moved with respect to the disk. The former
is consistent with special relativity while the latter is relying on general
relativity. Both are loosely termed "relativistic."
Assembly and Use ~
The manufacturing, assembly and use of this invention is very simple even
intuitive. The system of this invention can be readily assembled from the
teaching provided in this disclosure by state of the art techniques and
materials by a person of average skill in the art.
The applicant has described the essence of this invention. While this
invention has been described with reference to an illustrative embodiment,
this description is not intended to be construed in a limiting sense. Various
modifications and combinations of the illustrative embodiments as well as
other embodiments of the invention will be apparent to a person of average
skill in the art upon reference to this description.
Variations ~
Due to the simplicity and elegance of the design of this invention
designing around it is very difficult if not impossible. Nonetheless many
changes may be made to this design without deviating from the spirit of this
invention. Examples of such contemplated variations include the following:
1. The shape and size, colors etc of the device or the packaging thereof
may be modified.
2. Additional complimentary and complementary functions and features may be
added.
3. The system of this invention may be adapted for other related uses.
4. Instead of cylindrical magnets, other types of magnets and mode of
mounting on the disk may be employed to create the orbiting, rotational
magnetic field.
5. The invention may be scaled up and down by several orders of magnitude
7. An experimental science toy version may be developed for education and
entertainment of little young scientists of the future.
8. Homopolar generator may be employed in reverse as a motor to convert
electrical energy into mechanical energy.
9. A homopolar servo motor version may be crafted based on this
co-rotational magnet and disk concept.
10. Permanent cylindrical magnets may be replaced by equivalent
configuration of electromagnets.
11. A portion of the emf generated may be fed back to cylindrical
electromagnets to explore the possibility of a self-excited generator without
violating any laws of nature.
Other changes such as aesthetics and substitution of newer materials as
they become available, which substantially perform the same function in
substantially the same manner with substantially the same result without
deviating from the spirit of the invention may be made.
Following is a listing of the components used in the best mode preferred
embodiment and the alternate embodiments for use with OEM as well as retrofit
markets. For the ready reference of the reader the reference numerals have
been arranged in ascending numerical order.
10 = Prior art generally
20 = Rotor(s)
21 = Axle, rod
23 = Stationary Ring Stator (Optionally Magnetized)
31 = Top circular end plate
32 = Bottom circular end plate
33 = Bearing
34 = Central Axle
41 = Electrically Conductive Thrust Bearing
42 = Insulating Bearing
43 = Stationary Hollow Inner Cylinder
44 = Insulating Bearing
45 = Opposite Polarity Conductor
46 = Opposite Polarity Conductor
47 = Non-Slip Rolling Means
48 = Non-Slip Rolling Means
49 = Inner Circular Assembly Plates
Definitions and Acronyms
A great care has been taken to use words with their conventional dictionary
definitions. Following definitions are included here for clarification.
3D = Three Dimensional
Acyclic = Non-cyclic, non rotational or linear
DC = Direct Current as contrasted from alternating current electricity
DIY = Do It Yourself
DYNAMO = A device for converting mechanical energy into electrical energy
(& Vice versa)
EMF = Electromagnetic Force
Homopolar = Same as unipolar
Integrated = Combination of two entities to act like one
Interface = Junction between two dissimilar entities
N = Magnetic North (Permanent or electro-magnet)
N-Machine = One Piece Faraday generator
OEM = Original Equipment Manufacturer
S = Magnetic South (Permanent or electro-magnet)
Unipolar = Same as homopolar
Note: It should be noted that the prior art uses unipolar, homopolar,
acyclic and Faraday Disk Dynamo interchangeably.
While this invention has been described with reference to illustrative
embodiments, this description is not intended to be construed in a limiting
sense. Various modifications and combinations of the illustrative embodiments
as well as other embodiments of the invention will be apparent to a person of
average skill in the art upon reference to this description. It is therefore
contemplated that the appended claim(s) cover any such modifications,
embodiments as fall within the true scope of this invention as defined by the
appended claims.
Claims ~
What is claimed is:
1. An orbiting multi-rotor homopolar machine comprising:
a plurality of axially parallel, equally spaced, cylindrical, magnet rotors
arranged circumferentially around the periphery of a central stator ring whose
axis is parallel to each magnet rotor axis;
rolling means attached separately to the magnet rotors and to the stator
ring for intimately contacting and enabling high friction non-slip rolling
between magnet rotors and stator ring;
means for starting and sustaining orbiting rolling of the magnet rotors
around stator ring as required;
bearing means rotatably securing the top and bottom ends of each magnet
rotor to a corresponding circular endplate;
axle means located in the center of the stator ring rigidly attached to the
top circular endplate;
electrically insulating bearing means rotatably securing the center of the
bottom circular endplate to a coaxial inner cylinder located between the axle
and stator ring; and
circular assembly means for rigidly attaching the inner cylinder to the
stator ring.
2. The homopolar machine of claim 1 wherein the inner cylinder, circular
assembly means, magnet rotors, axle means, circular endplate, and stator ring
are made at least partially from electrically conductive material.
3. The homopolar machine of claim 1 wherein the rolling means comprises an
electrically conductive geared electromechanical rotary joint.
4. The homopolar machine of claim 1 wherein the rolling means comprises an
electrically conductive copper coating on the stator ring and magnet rotors.
5. The homopolar machine of claim 1 wherein the stator ring comprises
electrically conductive magnetic material.
6. A method for starting and sustaining the orbiting of rolling cylindrical
magnets arranged parallel to and circumferentially around the vertical axis of
a central stator ring, while intimately contacting and engaging non-slip
rolling means between rotor magnets and the stator ring, rotatably securing
the top and bottom ends of each rotor magnet by means of a bearing to a
corresponding circular endplate, rigidly attaching to the top circular
endplate a vertical axle coaxial with and in the stator ring, securing the
center of the bottom circular endplate to a coaxial inner cylinder located
between the axle and the stator ring by means of an electrically insulating
bearing, and rigidly attaching the inner cylinder to the stator ring by means
of a circular assembly.
7. An orbiting multi-rotor homopolar machine comprising:
a plurality of axially parallel, equally spaced, cylindrical, magnet rotors
arranged circumferentially around the periphery of a central stator ring whose
axis is parallel to each magnet rotor axis;
rolling means attached separately to the magnet rotors and to the stator
ring for intimately contacting and enabling high friction non-slip rolling
between the magnet rotors and stator ring;
means for starting and sustaining orbiting rolling of the magnet rotors
around the stator ring as required;
bearing means rotatably securing the top and bottom ends of each magnet
rotor to a corresponding circular endplate;
axle means located in the center of the stator ring rigidly attached to the
top circular endplate;
electrically insulating bearing means rotatably securing the center of the
bottom circular endplate to a coaxial inner cylinder located between the axle
and stator ring; and
circular assembly means for rigidly attaching the inner cylinder to the
stator ring; wherein said inner cylinder, said circular assembly means, said
magnet rotors, said axle means, said circular endplate, and said stator ring
are made at least partially from electrically conductive material.
8. The homopolar machine of claim 7 wherein the rolling means comprises an
electrically conductive geared electromechanical rotary joint.
9. The homopolar machine of claim 7 wherein the rolling means comprises an
electrically conductive copper coating on the stator ring and magnet rotors.
10. The homopolar machine of claim 7 wherein the stator ring comprises
electrically conductive magnetic material.